Key takeaways
- The Lancet Commission estimates that about 45 percent of dementia cases could be prevented or delayed by addressing 14 modifiable risk factors.
- Depression, inactivity, high blood pressure and social isolation are among them.
- Stress reduction and meditation have not been shown to prevent dementia.
What lowers risk
The 2024 Lancet Commission lists 14 modifiable risk factors for dementia across life: less education, hearing loss, high LDL cholesterol, depression, traumatic brain injury, physical inactivity, diabetes, smoking, high blood pressure, obesity, excessive alcohol, social isolation, air pollution and vision loss. It estimates that addressing them could prevent or delay about 45 percent of cases.[1] (source 1)
Where stress and relaxation fit
Depression and social isolation are on the list, and chronic stress can contribute to both. Relaxation practice can help mood and sleep, which supports overall health, but no trial has shown that meditation prevents dementia.
Steps that help
- Treat high blood pressure and check hearing and vision
- Stay physically active and socially connected
- Seek help for depression
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol
- Keep learning, and make a relaxation practice part of your routine
Common questions
Are memory lapses normal?
Occasional forgetfulness is common and increases with stress and poor sleep. Persistent or worsening memory problems warrant a medical check.
Do brain games prevent dementia?
The evidence is weak. Physical activity, social engagement and treating risk factors have more support.
Sources
- Livingston G, Huntley J, Liu KY, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission. Lancet. 2024;404(10452):572–628. doi:10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_4_25