Stress in children and teens

Signs to look for

• Changes in sleep or appetite
• Headaches or stomach aches with no clear cause
• Irritability, tantrums or withdrawal
• Trouble concentrating or falling grades
• Clinginess or loss of interest in usual activities

Why it matters

Short-lived stress is part of growing up. Pediatric research distinguishes this from toxic stress, which is strong, frequent and prolonged adversity without adequate adult support, and which can affect brain development and later health. Stable, responsive relationships are the main protective factor.^{[1] (source 1)}

What helps at home

• Keep routines for sleep, meals and play
• Listen without rushing to fix the problem
• Practise calming breathing together
• Limit overload, including screen time late at night
• Model the coping you want them to learn

School programs

A meta-analysis of mindfulness programs in schools found small to moderate improvements in stress, resilience and cognitive performance, mostly measured soon after the program, with variable study quality.^{[2] (source 2)}

If a child's distress is severe, lasts for weeks or involves talk of self-harm, contact a pediatrician or mental health professional. In the United States, anyone can call or text 988 in a crisis.